Nick Cook – A Ramble Through an Oxford Author's Imagination and Inspiration

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Showing posts with label Parallel Worlds. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Parallel Worlds. Show all posts
Tears in the Writer, Tears in the Reader
23:49

Tears in the Writer, Tears in the Reader

Breaking Storm, the sequel to my debut book, Cloud Riders, has just taken to the skies. This is a book that was such a joy to write, the realisation of ideas that I had planned from the inception of the Cloud Riders trilogy. There are some big science ideas lurking beneath the surface, some crazy locations that came to life in my imagination, but most of all it was about writing about, Dom, an ordinary lad from Oklahoma that I’d come to love like a son and who meant everything to me, and who took me on a journey of discovery through the pages of this story.

In Breaking Storm, Dom faces situations that test him to the core of his being and threaten to break him. There is one sequence in the middle of the book that I’d planned right from the inception of Cloud Riders, a moment so heartbreaking that it was like the shadow of a thunderstorm in the distance, approaching far too rapidly as I wrote towards it. And when it finally arrived and I found myself putting those words down onto the page, I found myself actually weeping… That’s how deep an author sometimes digs, how much an author can actually care about their characters. And this is a very good thing. As they say, “tears in the writer, tears in the reader.”

We all recognise those moments of authenticity in a book, even if that moment in the story is set in a parallel universe because it’s that moment that gets hold of your heart and squeezes. Stories are a powerful way to share these moments that test us and maybe in them, we recognise similar moments of heartbreak in our own lives. In my experience, it’s those stories that move us most profoundly like this that we never ever forget. 



Stories can have such a powerful effect on us because they can hold up a mirror to us and show us what it is to be human. And right there we have one of the many reasons that stories are so important in all our lives.


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Wormholes – Journeying Through Space and Time
08:48

Wormholes – Journeying Through Space and Time
“Reality can be beaten with enough imagination.”
– Mark Twain
In previous articles I've mentioned parallel realities that various theories point toward, but if they really do exist is there some way you could travel between them? 

As it happens we may be in luck. In 1935 Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen working together on the theory of gravity, came me out with the esoteric concept of a wormhole. To explain the principle of what this is, if you think of our universe as a flat plane and another reality on a plane below it, the wormhole is an effectively a tunnel that can directly link these otherwise separate realities. Now before you get too excited at the idea of an intergalactic tunnel between parallel dimensions, there are some serious technical problems that need to be addressed. 

Also, it isn’t only Einstein and Rosen who have theorised about the existence of wormholes. They crop up in quantum mechanics (the study of the very small) and scientists like Stephen Hawking have proposed that we are actually surrounded by them. Now before you started glancing nervously around worried that you may be about to be sucked into a parallel reality, let me reassure you. These sort of wormholes are infinitesimally small, tinier than even atoms, constantly forming in something called quantum foam, to link different places and even different times, before disappearing again. Now obviously these tunnels are far too small for a human to pass through (you can stop looking nervously over your shoulder now), but some scientists believe it might be possible to expand one so we could.

Another idea is that we could build huge wormhole generators in space. If the entrance was placed near the Earth, the exit could be placed next to far off stars, allowing a spaceship entering to be instantly transported to the far flung point. Alternatively, if the exit was in the same place but at a different time, it would allow instant time travel between the two gates for our space ship.

So how could we build ourselves a viable machine to create a traversable wormhole that remains stable? 

The first issue is that the wormholes are inherently unstable, try to pass through one and you are going to ripped apart when they collapse. So how could we prevent this? The answer is we need to use something that hasn’t been discovered yet and it’s been labelled negative energy. With this magic missing ingredient we could keep the walls open. Simple!

The second serious hurdle to overcome is to that to get anywhere close to a useable wormhole, an incredible amount of energy is required. How much? We are talking the power of harnessed stars. That’s quite a power bill.

So unfortunately for now in practical terms creating useable wormholes seems a way off. In the meantime we’ll just have to rely on science fiction to fire our imaginations about the possibilities of travel between parallel realities and time travel.

This excellent short video with Michio Kaku and narrated by no less than Morgan Freeman, explains wormholes further. 






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Musical Notes and the Universe of String Theory
04:05

Musical Notes and the Universe of String Theory
“You are the music while the music lasts.” 
– T.S.Eliot
When you pluck a guitar string a sound wave is produced that vibrates the air molecules producing a musical note that you hear. Imagine that the universe around you is the product of a similar vibration. That’s what string theory is all about.

Picture the smallest known building block in the universe, smaller than an atom, smaller than electron, smaller than a quark, and peer inside any of these and you’ll see a dancing filament of energy called a string. Just how small are we talking here? Well, if you scaled up a hydrogen atom to the size of the universe, the string inside it would only be the width of a human hair.

Why the need for string theory at at all? After all don’t we have Einstein and his theory of gravity that accurately deals with very large objects such as planets and stars. We have quantum mechanics which explains what happens with the very small. However, the problem for physicists is that these theories can conflict with each other. There are also shortfalls in these theories that tell us that we don’t fully understand how the cosmos works. For example Einstein’s gravity theory simply can’t cope with what happens inside the extremes of a black hole. Therefore the search has been on for a theory that ties everything together has been on – sometimes referred to as the grand unification theory. Step centre stage and meet the candidate that attempts to unify the very large, the very small, gravity, and even time itself – string theory.

All particles around us go through four basic interactions: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear interactions, and weak nuclear ones. Einstein covered gravity, and quantum mechanics dealt with the rest, but string theory attempts to tie everything together. 

String theory suggests that when a string vibrates, unlike a guitar string producing musical notes, particles are actually created. Also, by changing the frequency of the string, any sort of particle can be made. It’s an elegant theory, but for the maths behind it to work, it requires more dimensions than the four we can currently observe. In addition, at the heart of string theory, is the idea that gravity is a particle that we have so far failed to detect, the graviton. This particle is also predicted by quantum theory, as was the Higgs Boson, whose existence now looks confirmed by the Large Haldron Collider (LHC) in Geneva. The graviton is another juicy boson and there is a chance that the LHC may be able to confirm its existence as well.

If string theory is proven to be correct, it may answer questions that have baffled science for some time such as black holes, the existence of extra dimensions, dark matter and dark energy; and even the origin and fate of our universe itself. And it may be that the LHC provides the stepping stone towards confirming string theory’s credentials.

Related Articles

Higgs Boson – The Treacle of the Universe 
http://therealnickcook.blogspot.co.uk/2012/01/higgs-boson-treacle-of-universe.html

Splitting Reality – The Many Worlds Theory 
http://therealnickcook.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/splitting-reality-many-worlds-theory.html

Part of Our Universe is Missing – A Big Part 
http://therealnickcook.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/part-of-universe-is-missing.html

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Splitting Reality – The Many-Worlds Theory
08:15

Splitting Reality – The Many-Worlds Theory
Let your soul stand cool and composed before a million universes. 
– Walt Whitman 
Through books, TV and film, the idea of parallel worlds is a widely recognised phenomena in our culture today. From a quantum physics perspective, it’s instructive to understand the origin of this idea.

As explained in a previous article, Schrodinger came up with his famous cat in a box experiment to illustrate what he believed was the absurdity of the Copenhagen interpretation. The Copenhagen interpretation is the theory of physicist Niels Bohr, that states a quantum matter exists in all states at once (a wave) until forced to chose one state when observed (a particle). Ironically it’s Schrodinger’s cat thought experiment, intended by him to deride Bohr’s theory, which has become the preferred way to explain the Copenhagen interpretation.

An alternative idea that grew from this was Hugh Everett’s 'Many-Worlds' theory. He agreed with the wave ideas of Bohr, however he argued that rather than an object being forced to become a particle when it was observed, it actually created a split in the universe to allow for each possible outcome. A disturbing example that illustrates how this could work, is when someone is nearly killed crossing a road. In the Many-Worlds theory the universe splits at that moment – in one reality the person dies and in the other reality the person lives. Using this model in any given moment, the universe is constantly splitting like the branches of a tree for each new potential outcome and creates an infinite number of parallel realities.  

Whilst the Many-Worlds theory isn’t the only one to promote the idea of parallel worlds to explain the behaviour of objects at the quantum level, it has attracted serious interest and research in recent years. Keep this in mind when you next cross that road – you could be about to split the universe in two.

The below video is a useful visual explanation of the Many-Worlds theory.

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